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Sains Malaysiana 54(1)(2025): 243-253
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5401-19
Polyphenol-Rich
Extract of Roselle Improves Oxidative Stress Status, Renal Function and
Structure of Diabetic Rat
(Ekstrak Rosel Kaya Polifenol Membaiki Status Tekanan Oksidatif, Fungsi dan Struktur Renal Tikus Diabetes)
FATIMA
MOHAMMED YUSR, FATIN FARHANA JUBAIDI, SUMAYYAH BINTI ISMAIL & SITI BALKIS
BUDIN*
Center of Diagnostic, Therapeutic and
Investigative Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Received: 29
April 2024/Accepted: 29 October 2024
Abstract
Diabetic
nephropathy is a progressive chronic renal disease, that leads to renal failure
mediated by oxidative stress. Roselle or Hibiscus sabdariffa is
well-known for its health benefits and is rich in polyphenols with high
antioxidant activities. Limited studies evaluate the effects of polyphenol-rich
extract of roselle (HPE) on the development of diabetic nephropathy. Hence,
this study aimed to determine the effect of HPE in the renal of diabetic rats
focusing on oxidative stress, renal function, and structural changes. Type 1
diabetes mellitus was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats which were then
divided into three groups: untreated diabetes (DM), HPE-supplemented diabetic
rats (DM+HPE), and metformin-treated diabetic rats (DM+MET). Non-diabetic rats
(NDM) served as normal controls. All rats were left untreated for four weeks
followed by another four weeks of treatment, respectively. At the end of the
study, all rats were sacrificed whereby blood was collected for creatinine
level analysis, and kidneys were collected for oxidative stress and antioxidant
markers as well as histological analyses. Data showed that HPE reduced blood
glucose and creatinine levels significantly and improved catalase (CAT)
activity. HPE supplementation also reduced the lipid and protein oxidation
process, marked by significant reductions in malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced
oxidation protein products (AOPP). Moreover, HPE supplementation improved renal
structure, especially in reducing glomerulus degeneration and renal tubule
damage. In conclusion, this study suggests that HPE is able to reduce renal
damage by mitigating oxidative stress and improving antioxidant status that
potentially prevents the progression of diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rat
model.
Keywords:
Diabetes; diabetic nephropathy; oxidative stress; polyphenol; roselle
Abstrak
Nefropati diabetes adalah penyakit kronik buah pinggang yang progresif yang membawa kepada kegagalan buah pinggang yang diperantarai oleh tekanan oksidatif. Rosel atau Hibiscus sabdariffa terkenal dengan khasiat dan manfaat kesihatannya serta kaya dengan polifenol yang mempunyai aktiviti antioksidan yang tinggi. Tidak banyak kajian yang dilakukan untuk mengkaji kesan ekstrak rosel kaya polifenol (HPE) terhadap perkembangan nefropati diabetes. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti kesan HPE terhadap buah pinggang tikus diabetes yang memberi fokus kepada tekanan oksidatif serta perubahan fungsi dan struktur renal. Diabetes melitus jenis 1 diaruh pada tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan dewasa dan kemudian dibahagikan kepada tiga kumpulan; diabetes yang tidak dirawat (DM), DM dengan suplementasi HPE (DM+HPE)
dan DM dengan metformin (DM+MET). Kumpulan tikus bukan diabetes (NDM) berfungsi sebagai kawalan normal. Semua tikus dibiarkan tanpa rawatan selama empat minggu dan diikuti dengan empat minggu rawatan mengikut rawatan masing-masing. Pada akhir tempoh kajian, tikus dikorbankan dan darah diambil untuk penentuan aras kreatinin, manakala ginjal diambil untuk penentuan tekanan oksidatif, antioksidan serta penilaian histologi struktur renal. Data menunjukkan HPE menurunkan aras glukosa darah dan kreatinin dengan ketara dan meningkatkan aktiviti katalase (CAT). Suplementasi HPE juga menurunkan proses oksidasi lipid dan protein yang ditandai dengan penurunan aras malondialdehid (MDA) dan produk protein pengoksidaan lanjutan (AOPP) yang ketara. Malah suplementasi HPE juga turut membaik pulih struktur renal terutamanya mengurangkan degenerasi glomerulus serta kerosakan tubul renal. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa HPE berupaya mengurangkan kerosakan buah pinggang dengan mengurangkan tekanan oksidatif dan meningkatkan status antioksidan yang berpotensi untuk menghalang perkembangan nefropati diabetes dalam model tikus diabetes.
Kata kunci: Diabetes; nefropati diabetes; polifenol; roselle; tekanan oksidatif
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